Natural Language Understanding with Limited Supervision: - Information extraction, knowledge graph construction, text classification, … - Weakly-supervised/few-shot/zero-shot learning Complex Reasoning and Planning with Language Model Agents: - Complex reasoning with large language models (multi-hop, long-context, …) - Multi-agent large language models for reasoning and planning - Efficient small language models for reasoning and planning Multi-Modal Science Foundation Models (FMs): - Systematic integration of multi-modal FMs - Interpretability, explainability, and causal inference of science FMs - Text data, multi-omics data, brain signal data, …