Synergistic hybrid interface for ultra-stable sodium metal anode via spontaneous conversion of tin fluoride in polymer matrix enabling 10× longer lifetime
In this work, we developed a hybrid polymer–inorganic interphase that integrates the flexibility of NaF- and Na–Sn-rich protective layer on the sodium surface. This hybrid interphase provides strong interfacial adhesion, high ionic transport, and exceptional mechanical integrity, resulting in uniform sodium plating and dendrite-free cycling.
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