Genome editing platform for enhancing yield and fiber quality in gossypium arboreum cotton

Overview

This research program focuses on applying CRISPR-based genome editing to enhance yield and fiber quality in Gossypium arboreum, an indigenous cotton species from the Indian subcontinent known for its natural resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. While G. arboreum has been cultivated for thousands of years, it has been largely displaced by G. hirsutum, which produces longer and finer fibers. This program aims to close that quality gap by targeting specific genes that negatively regulate yield and fiber quality, offering a genomics-driven pathway to revive and improve a resilient indigenous crop.

Technical specifications

• Target gene identification: Multiple genes that negatively correlate with fiber quality and yield in G. arboreum have been identified as candidates for editing.
• CRISPR multiplexing: Guide RNAs designed in a single cassette allow simultaneous editing of multiple target genes.
• Compact CRISPR variants: Use of smaller CRISPR systems to facilitate delivery and expression in plant cells.
• VIGS validation: Virus-induced gene silencing used as a complementary tool to confirm gene function prior to editing.
• Dual delivery methods: Both plant regeneration protocols and viral vector delivery systems are employed to introduce CRISPR components into the plant.
• Phenotypic screening: Edited plants are evaluated for resulting yield and fiber quality traits.

Technology readiness level

The program builds on prior experience using virus-induced gene silencing to confirm gene function in G. arboreum, particularly for biotic stress-related genes. Current efforts are focused on validating candidate genes through VIGS and then applying CRISPR editing to multiple targets simultaneously. Future validation plans include designing multiplexed guide RNA cassettes, delivering compact CRISPR variants through both plant regeneration and viral vectors, and assessing the resulting phenotypes for improved yield and fiber quality. The approach is at the gene validation and proof-of-concept editing stage.