P/E/L virus n-terminal readthrough domain proteins as novel aphicidal biomolecules for crop protection

Overview

This research proposes a new mode of insect control using N-terminal readthrough domain (NRTD) proteins from poleroviruses, enamoviruses, and luteoviruses—collectively referred to as P/E/L viruses. These proteins function as potent aphicides when delivered orally to aphids, while simultaneously blocking transmission of the plant viruses these insects vector. By expressing NRTD proteins directly in crops as plant-incorporated protectants, the technology offers a dual-action strategy: suppressing aphid populations and interrupting the spread of economically damaging viral diseases. This approach is intended to be generalizable across a diverse range of food and fiber crops.

Technical specifications

Key features:

• NRTD proteins from multiple virus genera (polerovirus, enamovirus, luteovirus) demonstrate lethal toxicity to aphid vectors when delivered via artificial diet
• Up to 100% mortality observed in Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii using wild-type and mutant NRTD proteins
• PLRV transmission efficiency by M. persicae significantly reduced after feeding on NRTD in artificial diets and when expressed in plants
• Toxicity confirmed across NRTD variants sharing conserved amino acid positions, suggesting a broadly applicable mechanism
• Future validation will extend testing to five aphid species, additional virus-derived NRTDs, and assessment of off-target effects on aphid predators

Validation approach:

• Controlled feeding assays with BSA and buffer controls to confirm aphid mortality (statistical significance P<0.05)
• Plant-based expression studies demonstrating reduced virus transmission under greenhouse conditions
• Regression analysis using one-sided Wald chi-square tests for statistical evaluation

Technology readiness level

The technology has completed initial proof-of-concept validation with demonstrated aphid mortality and reduced virus transmission in both artificial diet and plant-expressed formats. Current readiness is at the early-to-mid stage of development, with completed laboratory and greenhouse experiments supporting efficacy. Future validation is planned over approximately one year to confirm generalizability across additional aphid species and crop systems, evaluate predator safety, and further characterize transmission-blocking effects. The research team is actively seeking partnership to fund key personnel, supplies, and greenhouse space for these next-stage studies.