Quantitative GC×GC volatilomics for maize-silage fermentation and stability markers
A high-resolution, quantitative volatilomics platform for maize silage analysis. Using differential-flow modulated GC×GC-MS/FID, this method enables the precise quantification of 98 volatile markers to monitor microbial fermentation, product quality, and aerobic stability. It is a robust tool for industrial R&D, quality control, and marker validation.
Overview
This quantitative volatilomics method offers a high-performance analytical solution for assessing maize silage quality and stability. By leveraging comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with dual mass spectrometry (MS) and flame ionization detection (FID), the method provides a robust, high-resolution approach to mapping complex volatile profiles. It enables the identification and precise quantification of 98 key volatile markers, providing critical insights into microbial fermentation dynamics and aerobic stability. This technology is designed to support industrial feed and silage businesses in enhancing product consistency, validating fermentation quality across diverse storage conditions, and developing routine, high-throughput quality-control assays.
Technical specifications
The method utilizes a differential-flow modulation GC×GC-MS/FID platform, translated from reference thermal modulation setups to offer equivalent separation and sensitivity without the need for external calibration. Key features include:
- Use of multiple-headspace solid-phase microextraction (MHS-SPME) for comprehensive analyte extraction.
- Application of FID-predicted relative response factors (RRFs) for accurate quantification across a wide dynamic concentration range (10 μg g⁻¹ to 1 ng g⁻¹).
- Integrated signal-level data fusion of MS and FID outputs, which minimizes feature mismatches and reduces both false positives and false negatives.
- Proven capability to analyze complex silage matrices, differentiating between untreated and inoculated (e.g., heterolactic strain) samples.
Technology readiness level
The technology is at TRL 6. It has been developed and validated through rigorous academic research, including published studies in 2024 demonstrating successful method translation, robust marker identification, and high-performance quantification compared to benchmark techniques. It is ready for pilot-scale application, method...
About University of Turin
The University of Turin is a comprehensive public research university with a broad disciplinary footprint and strong regional engagement. Industry connects through a dedicated knowledge‑transfer function and 2i3T, the university’s business incubator and technology‑transfer company, which supports IP protection, licensing and spin‑out creation. Clinical translation is enabled by integration with the Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, a large university hospital system. Situated in a metropolitan area anchored by leading automotive and aerospace players, the university collaborates within a mature industrial ecosystem. Research is supported by competitive European and national funding, including Horizon Europe and Italian ministerial programs.
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