Xanthomonas translucens graminis biological herbicide for black-grass control

Overview

Black-grass is one of the most damaging arable weeds in the UK, with widespread herbicide resistance reducing the effectiveness of conventional chemical controls. This research investigates the use of a specific strain of Xanthomonas translucens graminis (Xtg) as a biological herbicide. The approach offers two potential pathways: direct application of Xtg as an inundative bioherbicide, or identification and synthesis of bioactive molecules produced during the infection process. The technology could provide farmers with a new tool for managing resistant weed populations while reducing reliance on traditional herbicides.

Technical specifications

• Target organism: Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides), a pernicious arable weed with widespread herbicide resistance
• Active agent: Specific strains of Xanthomonas translucens graminis (Xtg) capable of infecting black-grass through cut leaf surfaces
• Observed effects: Lethal infection in some black-grass plants; non-lethal effects including reduced dry matter biomass and indications of reduced seed head production
• Crop safety: Initial testing on winter wheat seedlings showed no observable negative effects from the most infective Xtg strain
• Application methods: Potential for formulation as an inundative bioherbicide or development of synthetic bioactive molecules derived from the infection process
• Validation scope: Effects demonstrated across multiple black-grass populations, including herbicide-resistant populations

Technology readiness level

The research is at an early-to-mid stage of development. Initial laboratory and controlled-condition experiments have demonstrated lethal and non-lethal effects of Xtg on black-grass, including reductions in biomass and seed head production. Further validation is needed, including expanded screening across more black-grass populations, comprehensive crop safety testing on wheat, and small-plot field trials with and without conventional herbicide applications. The next phase will involve collaboration with an industry partner to determine whether to pursue Xtg as a formulated bioherbicide or to investigate bioactive molecule synthesis.