• 30+ years in mine water treatment • Former Rand Water Chair in Water Utilisation at Tshwane University of Technology . Built and validated a spreadsheet-based techno-economic model comparing biological sulphate reduction, BaCO₃-based chemical removal, RO, and ion exchange and thermal processes. • Published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international confrences. • Freeport-McMoRan engagement (Arizona, USA): Evaluate freeze crystallization of copper leachate (109,000 mg/L sulphate) to recover Al2(SO4)3, Al(OH)3 and MgSO4. • Pilot-scale and commercial implementation: Designed and operated pilot plants for freeze crystallization (TRL 8) and chemical treatment systems.