Electrochemical sensor for trace metal detection in biological fluids

Overview

The proposed electrochemical sensor technology focuses on detecting trace metals such as iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in biological fluids, including blood, saliva, tears, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Utilizing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and nickel tungstate (NiWO₄) electrodes, the sensor provides a noninvasive approach to health monitoring by assessing disease and nutrient imbalances. This system is designed to offer sensitive, selective, and simultaneous detection of these essential trace metals, supporting rapid, real-time analysis on-site.

Technical specifications

Key features:

• Enhanced Sensitivity: Modified RGO/NiWO₄ electrodes increase detection sensitivity for Fe, Zn, and Se via differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), validated against standard methods like ICP-MS and AAS.
• Selective Detection: Distinct redox peaks for Fe, Se, and Zn minimize interference, with co-doping of Fe₃O₄, ZnO, and AuNPs enhancing adsorption and electron transfer.
• On-Site Detection: Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) paired with portable potentiostats enable rapid and portable analysis.
• Device Integration: A smartphone app is in development for automated data analysis and interpretation.

Technology readiness level

This technology is currently at a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 3, indicating that it has been demonstrated in analytical and laboratory settings. Future validation steps involve optimizing nanocomposite synthesis, performing extensive biofluid testing, and integrating the system into a portable, user-friendly format for field deployment.