Trichoderma-based biocontrol for root-knot nematode management in tomato crops

Overview

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) are a major constraint on tomato production in Ghana, causing yield losses and reduced crop quality. This research investigates the use of Trichoderma spp., specifically Trichoderma harzianum (Eco-T), as a biological control agent applied through seed coating to manage nematode infestations. The approach offers tomato growers a sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic nematicides while supporting seedling vigor and germination.

Technical specifications

Key features:

• Trichoderma harzianum (Eco-T) applied as a seed coating at two concentrations (0.2 g and 0.4 g per 10 g of seeds) and two exposure durations (30 minutes and 3 hours)
• Tested on UC 82 tomato variety in both laboratory (petri-dish blotter paper assays) and field conditions
• Field experimental design: randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications, plot sizes of 3.5 x 3.0 m² with 20 plants per plot
• Comparison against a chemical standard (Velum/Floupyram SC 400 drench at 3.8 mL per 7 L of water) and untreated control
• Eco-T coated seeds demonstrated the lowest gall indices, lowest nematode populations, and optimum seedling vigor
• Future work includes isolation and characterization of local Trichoderma spp. from major tomato-growing areas in Ghana, with in-vitro, greenhouse, and multi-locational field validation
• Sequencing of Trichoderma isolates to identify variants and their biocontrol potential

Technology readiness level

The technology has completed initial laboratory and field validation, demonstrating proof-of-concept efficacy in reducing nematode populations and gall formation while improving seedling performance. The current readiness level is early to mid-stage development (TRL 4-6). The research team plans a one-year follow-up study to further characterize local Trichoderma isolates, validate biocontrol potential under diverse conditions, and conduct genomic sequencing, with collaboration needed for sequencing capabilities.